Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Web based life - Essay Example Michael Haenle in and Andreas Kaplan portray web-based social networking to signify a lot of Internet-based machines that abuse the innovative and ideological fundamentals of Web 2.0, just as license the development and trade of client produced data (2010). Moreover, web based life depends on electronic and portable advances to shape very intelligent projects through which networks and people co-make, share, talk about, just as change client created data. It starts unavoidable and critical changes to correspondence among associations, people and networks. Internet based life is not the same as modern or customary media in various viewpoints, for example, reach, changelessness, quality, recurrence, quickness, and ease of use. Web based life innovation takes on various assortments including Internet gatherings, magazines, social sites, weblogs, wikis, miniaturized scale blogging, informal communities, pictures or photos, webcasts video, rating just as social bookmarking. Through applyi ng an assortment of ideas in the field of social procedures and media exploration, Haenlein and Kaplan framed a grouping framework in their Corporate Horizons (2010) article. They utilized six changed sorts of online networking: miniaturized scale sites and web journals (for example, Twitter), communitarian ventures (for example, Wikipedia), content networks (for example, Daily Motion and YouTube), and long range interpersonal communication sites, for example, Facebook. Others incorporate virtual social universes (for example, Second Life), recreated game universes (for example, World of War craft).The advances contain websites, divider postings, picture sharing, email, video blogs, texting; voice over IP and publicly supporting, and music sharing. A lot of these bundles can be acclimatized through informal community growth programs. Internet based life net sites contain destinations like, Twitter, Facebook, Viadeo, Vkontakte, Tuenti, Hyves, Daniel's World , Dreams town, MySpace, an d Bebo. When online life is applied in arrangement with versatile contraptions it is named as portable internet based life. Along these lines, online life is a lot of portable advancing applications, which license the development and trade of client produced data. Attributable to the datum that portable internet based life works on versatile contraptions, it recognizes from antiquated web-based social networking since it incorporates new perspectives, for example, the current client (area affectability) and the time stretch in the midst of sending just as getting writings (time-affectability) (Watts, 2010). While customary web based life give a scope of possibilities to partnerships in a thorough scope of corporate divisions, versatile online life uses the time - and area - affectability aspects of it to take on advertising research, deals limits or advancements, correspondence, and association unwaveringness or improvement stages. Web based business organizations signify to interne t based life as CGM (shopper created media). A common string running inside every single social medium portrayals is a mix of social communication and innovation for the co-arrangement of significant worth (Li and Bernoff, 2008). People get data, news, instruction, and different realities from print and electronic media. Online life is unmistakable from conventional or mechanical media, for example, papers, film TV, since they

Environmental Pollution Essay

1. Consequences for Climate Land contamination can influence the general condition of the Earth. Land contaminations prompts misfortune in the backwoods front of Earth. This is thusly going to influence the measure of downpour. Less rains mean lesser vegetation. The impact of every single distinctive sort of contamination will in the end lead to issues like corrosive downpours, nursery impact, an Earth-wide temperature boost. These issues have just started and should be checked before the circumstance comes up short on control. 2. Annihilation of Species One of the significant reasons for concern is the termination of species. Species are pushed towards danger and annihilation essentially by two procedures. Living space fracture is the discontinuity of the regular natural surroundings of a creature; cause fundamentally by never-ending suburbia. Living space annihilation, then again, is when land clearing antagonistically influences creatures uncommon with the end goal that their common natural surroundings is lost. Both the activities can make a few animal groups go wiped out and others to get obtrusive. 3. Biomagnification Biomagnification is the procedure where certain non-biodegradable substances continue amassing in the evolved way of life (in at least one animal categories). The most widely recognized model is of methylmercury in fish and mercury in birds. In addition to the fact that biomagnification puts the specific species in danger, it places all the species above and underneath it in danger, and eventually influences the food pyramid. 4. Consequences for Biodiversity Species elimination and biomagnification is going to oust the parity of nature fundamentally. The primary explanation behind this is aggravation made in the evolved way of life. To give you an exceptionally straightforward model †because of biomagnification of mercury in birds, they may go wiped out in the ensuing years. In any case, we realize hawks go after snakes. Less (or no) falcons will at that point bring about increasingly number of snakes! As you may have acknowledged, land contamination is without a doubt going to influence much a bigger number of things than we however it will. Consequently, I leave you with some remedial measure you can take on an individual level to decrease land contamination. Support natural cultivating †purchase natural food. Appropriate waste disposal †separate your trash before you offer it to the city worker; and carefully disapprove of plastic. Energize reusing †purchase reused items, scratch pad, paper, and so on. Confine utilization of herbicides and pesticides †they are utilized in ranch, yet in your own lawn also. On the off chance that we decrease our commitment to trash and litter, in that itself we will have the option to fundamentally diminish land contamination and most likely control it completely sooner rather than later. Additionally understand this isn’t just about land contamination; it is pretty much a wide range of contamination. We have to find a way to forestall harming our Earth. We have no other spot to go. Peruse more at Buzzle: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/circumstances and end results of-land-pollution.html

Semester Updates

All assignments must be turned in during planned classes. Try not to EMAIL ASSIGNMENTS. ***Please recall: there is a one-week most extreme for submission***. Following multi week, entries will never again be acknowledged. Late assignments without proper documentation will get an evaluation however no remarks. Understudies are liable for keeping a Xerox duplicate of all bring home assignments. On the off chance that you need an expansion for uncontrollable issues at hand, it would be ideal if you talk about this with the teacher before the due date, and an email that covers what has been settled upon will be normal before an augmentation is granted.Evaluation Term Work The term work will establish 75% of the last grade. At least half of reviewed term work must be finished in class. Understudies will peruse 8-10 choices and compose at least 2500 words during the term, including in any event two 500-word explanatory articles written in class; a 1000-word scientific exposition; and an ex ploration task. Understudies will create contentions dependent on a basic energy about the topics and scholarly strategies introduced in the readings. They will likewise bolster their perspectives with printed references.No over 10% of the last grade will be dispensed to tests or potentially bunch work. Last Examination The last, most important test will establish 25% of the course grade. It will be a typical test as a printed examination. Understudies must pass the term work and the last test of the year to pass the course. Reviewing System notwithstanding the standard passing evaluations of A+ to D, there are two evaluations that mean fruitless endeavors at EACH 50: F (O to 49%) Failure (term work has not been finished) ATT The understudy has acceptable participation and has finished the term work, yet has not met the learning outcomes.Any understudies getting ATT in EACH 150 will proceed with their investigations in EACH 150 in ensuing semesters until they have met the winning re sults. Meanwhile, the ATT grade doesn't influence the understudy's evaluation point normal. Understudies who feel that they may not pass the subject are, in this way, urged to continue buckling down in the subject instead of drop it. Predictable participation is significant for achievement in this subject. In the event that you are missing from class, if you don't mind advise your educator by email. You are as yet answerable for the material and assignments missed and will be required to give documentation.For augmentations or unique contemplations, make the solicitation well ahead of time of any due dates. Chivalrous study hall direct, satisfactory class planning, and useful investment will improve your scholastic experience and that of your partners. Specifically, you are approached to add to the learning condition by being expeditious, obliging, capable and community, and by following the conduct strategies recorded in the College Academic Policy and the Student Handbook. Underst udy/Faculty Consultation Outside Classroom Hours Please orchestrate times with your educator to examine your work and progress in this course.Learning Center with the expectation of complimentary help with English, visit our Learning Center and make an arrangement tit one of our guides. In EACH, week by week arrangements are frequently suggested for additional assistance with language, sentence structure, creation, or jargon. Mentors can offer direction and assist you with curing composing issues, however won't edit, or right language structure, or modify content. Visit the Writing Center in Room SSL 120 of the Learning Commons or book an arrangement online at HTTPS://www. Seneca. On. Ca/webs.Please hold this record for future instructive and additionally work use. Scholarly Regulations It is your obligation as an understudy of Seneca College to know about and keep he scholastic and conduct arrangements illustrated in the College Academic Policy and the Student Handbook. Here are so me key strategies: Academic Honesty (Section 9 and Appendix E †Academic Policy) â€Å"Engaging in any type of scholarly deceptive nature to acquire any sort of scholastic bit of leeway or credit is an offense under this strategy and won't go on without serious consequences by the College.The punishment for a first scholastic genuineness offense is an evaluation â€Å"O† on the work where the offense happened, and will bring about a remark being set on the transcript by the Academic Honesty Committee. The punishment for he second scholarly trustworthiness offense is a â€Å"F† in the subject where the offense happened, a second remark on the transcript and suspension from the College for a timeframe controlled by the Academic Honesty Committee, regularly for at least three (3) semesters. † For more data on Academic Honesty go to: http://library. Congealers. Ca. Eight to offer scholastic choices of the College. The methods for casual and formal interests are sketched out in Academic Policy. On the off chance that an understudy can't help contradicting the assessment of a task or with a last grade, s/he should initially talk about the issue tit the educator trying to determine the difference. On the off chance that the issue isn't settled, the understudy ought to talk about the issue with the Coordinator or the Chair of English and Liberal Studies. Understudies must keep all assignments (counting drafts and blueprints) and activities until they get their last grade.No claim will be viewed as except if a total record is submitted at the hour of the intrigue. Data Technology Acceptable Use Policy and Protocols See the Student Handbook. Workforce and understudies are reminded that College correspondence should just be dispersed electronically through authentic College-if email. Interchange email addresses, for example, Yahoo mail or Hotmail mail, are not really through Seneca. Copyright †See the Student Handbook There are constraints t o duplicating materials from writings and other copyrighted materials.Essential copyright data is accessible in the Student Handbook and at http://library. Congealers. Ca. Understudy Rights and Responsibilities †See the Student Handbook Discrimination and Harassment †See the Student Handbook All understudies and representatives reserve the option to study and work in a situation that is liberated from segregation or potentially badgering. Language or exercises that rout this target abuse the College Policy on Discrimination/Harassment and will not be tolerated.Information and help are accessible from the Resolution, Equity and Diversity Center. Settlement for Students with Disabilities The school will give sensible convenience to understudies with inabilities so as to advance scholarly achievement. In the event that you require convenience, contact the Counseling and Disabilities Services Office at ext. 2900 to start the procedure for reporting, surveying and executing you r individual settlement needs. Affirmed by: Andrew Schmitt, Chair School of English and Liberal Studies

Franchise vs. Non-Franchise Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Establishment versus Non-Franchise - Research Paper Example Permitting is the point at which the licensor (organization) makes certain assets accessible to the licensee, which is an organization from another nation. This empowers the licensee to deliver and sell an item which is like the one being sold by the parent organization (Licensor). Diversifying is a unique type of authorizing which happens when an enterprise offers a total bundle to the franchisee which incorporates trademark, gear, elements of the item and even counsel identified with administrative viewpoints. The franchisee takes the partnership's name and normalized working framework (Management, Print). Some incredible instances of establishments incorporate the cheap food chains like McDonald's, Subway, Burger King and so on then again, a non-establishment business is one in which, in spite of the fact that you have lesser help when contrasted with an establishment, you are allowed to settle on your own choices and follow your own thoughts. In contrast to an establishment, prop rietors of a non-establishment business don't need to confront severe operational principles and other operational rules set by the franchisor (Non-diversified business openings, Web). One of the notable establishments of the world is Subway which has been picked as an establishment business for this task. The establishment idea of Subway includes a basic activity as the subs (sandwiches) don't need to be cooked. It likewise includes low venture and overheads for the franchisee. So as to begin an establishment of tram, the franchisee first needs to present a total application. It takes between 2 to a year to begin the business at the proposed area. The franchisee is required not to have any relationship with different organizations during this term of establishment concurrence with Subway. So as to buy an establishment in the United States, the individual ought to be a lawful resident or lasting inhabitant of the United States. The franchisee is helped by the enrolled improvement op erators of Subway who might help in the underlying settlement time frame. The all out venture by the franchisee can extend from $115,700 to $260,350 for customary areas and $85,200 to $202,150 for non-conventional areas. Tram helps the franchisee by giving preparing to fourteen day which remembers for class just as preparing in stores. Except if this preparation is taken, the franchisee won't be permitted to open the shop or outlet. There is a sure standards set by tram for area, store arrangement, store structure and so on the essential menu of Subway offers breakfast, plates of mixed greens, level breads and hot just as cool submarine sandwiches. The franchisees have the alternative of adding four sandwiches to their menus, one to be chosen by the store and two chose by the market. The franchisee can decide the estimating of store things in spite of the fact that costs are additionally suggested by the organization. The franchisee likewise needs to follow various rules of fixings and different things. The menu likewise incorporates newly prepared treats and there additionally various prerequisites of salty tidbits, bread and so on. The organization requires the franchisee to open the store for at least 98 hours. The arrangement can be changed or dispensed with at the franchisor's circumspection. The creating specialist would give preparing of 70 hours during the main seven day stretch of the store and will assess the store on a month to month premise. The organization likewise gives day by day back-up help by doling out a facilitator whom the storekeeper can call for

Health And Safety And Radiation Protection Example

Health And Safety And Radiation Protection Example Health And Safety And Radiation Protection â€" Assignment Example > IntroductionRadiologic imaging is an indispensable tool in current medical diagnoses and therapy. Despite its invaluable importance in the medical field, ionising radiation poses a potential hazard of being carcinogenic to patients (Picano et al. , 2004). To curb the possibility of the potential carcinogenic hazard of ionizing radiation, staff involved with radiologic procedures ranging from the medical imaging equipment manufacturers to doctors, and the radiographers should uphold the rules of medical imaging (Andersson et al. , 2008). They have a crucial obligation to ensure that the dose of ionising radiation any particular patient is exposed to is minimum and necessary to make a medical diagnosis (Lee et al. , 2004). Moreover, the legislation on radiography should be well taught and updated on a frequent basis to ensure these medical technicians and any other medical staff involved in radiology is well versed and up to date on the information (Rostamzadeh et al. , 2015). In th e United Kingdom, the ionising radiation regulations 1999 and the ionising radiation (medical exposure) 2000 govern medical imaging (“REGULATIONS”, 2000). These rules provide protocol on the dose of the radiation used on each patient and for every procedure. It also stipulates that the equipment should frequently be maintained, and the imaging personnel should be abreast on the medical imaging trends (“REGULATIONS, ” 2000). Ionising radiation dose reduction is key in protecting patients from the stochastic effects of this energy (Fazel et al. , 2009). This paper will explore the ways and techniques to minimise ionising radiation exposure to patients and how the radiographers implement their role in this process. It will highlight their role in medical imaging leaning on justification, optimisation of techniques and their managerial role in imaging procedures. Justification of exposureThe process of justification involves the physicians, radiologists as well as radiographers . The physicians/referrer play the role of ordering for the medical imaging procedure. The Radiographers are responsible for seeing to it that the dose, body surface exposure as well as the time of exposure is the minimum required diagnostic range by weighing the benefits of the procedure patient against the side effects of radiation. (Saia, 1999). In therapeutic radiations such as radiotherapy, the radiographers and oncologists have to assess the patient and justify the procedure using professional judgment. (Eairly, 1995). It is the role of radiographers to choose the alternative imaging modalities with less or no ionizing radiation in terms of efficacy, risk and health merits (Hermann et al. , 2012). Together with other members of the medical team such as radiologists, radiographers have to undertake justification process on an individual basis considering age, anatomical area to be irradiated and the gender of the patient (Huda et al. , 2008). Together with other medical perso nnel, radiographers reserve the right to dismiss unnecessary medico-legal procedures which might expose the patient to unnecessary ionizing radiation (Wall, 2005). For the pediatric population, the radiographers have a responsibility to perform further justification as children have a longer life span which increases the chances of stochastic manifestation (Wall Muirhead, 2009 ). Some interventional procedures have a higher chance of inducing cancerous effects on patients. Percutaneous coronary intervention PCI requires special documented working guidelines and a very strict observation; the Radiographers are responsible for this (Rostamzadeh et al. , 2015).

✍MLA Formatting Quotations -

Whether you are writing an essay, a research paper, or any other type of academic paper, including information from good sources such as books and journals will enhance the quality of your work. While most of the time you will only paraphrase, there are also times when its more effective to cite quotes. But putting quotes in your paper is not just a matter of copying and pasting what your sources say. Rather, there are standards to follow. Here are a few tips you can follow to learn how to cite quotes.When to cite a quoteThe first question you have to ask is: when should you cite a quote? Here are some tips:If the quote is relevant. Keep in mind that you should not include quotes just to meet a requirement or to make your paper look good. Instead, citing quotes should serve the higher purpose of enhancing the quality of your paper. The quote should be meaningful and should add something to your discussion, such as by offering important insight or providing evidence that strengthens y our point.If the quote is short enough or just the right length. In general, avoid quotes that are too long since it will take up a lot of space. Professors also often frown upon including very long quotes, since this decreases the originality of your paper. If the quote is too long, youre better off paraphrasingit.If the quote effectively expresses the thought. Sometimes, you will encounter quotes that are written so well that theres just no other way to say them. If you feel that paraphrasing the quote will only lessen its impact, then keep it as it is.How to cite a quoteOnce youve chosen the quote, then you can go ahead in including it in your paper. Here are important reminders for properly citing quotes:Enclose the quote in quotation marks. This is the most obvious requirement. A quote basically has to be enclosed in quotation marks. In academic writing, quotes are usually enclosed in double quotation marks.Use block formatting for long quotes. If the quote is longer than three or four lines, you should remove quotation marks and use a block quote format instead. This is done by starting the quote in a new line, removing the quotation marks, and indenting the entire quote by half an inch (0.5).Introduce the quote. Do not forget to introduce the quote. A quote that suddenly appears is distracting and confusing. On the other hand, introducing a quote signals to the reader that you are about to present information from your source.Give due credit. Of course, you have to show where you took the quote by citing your source. In other words, you have to create a citation for your quote. Failure to indicate your source can be considered as plagiarism. Also, citing your source is a way of showing respect to the person who wrote it.How to create a citationThere are three common ways of creating a citation:In-text citation. The first is the in-text citation, which is when you state in the sentence the name of the author (person or organization) of your source. See t his example: According to Author X, Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. See how the example states the actual name of the author.Parenthetical citation. A parenthetical citation is when you enclose the name of the author in parentheses along with the date or page number or both. A parenthetical citation is usually placed after the quote. In most cases, you are required to include the page number of it is available. For example: According to one expert in the field, Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet (Author X 123). See how the authors name and the page number are both enclosed by the parentheses.Footnote or Endnote. Unlike in-text and parenthetical citations, a footnote or endnote does not state the name of the author, year, or page number. Instead, the quote is followed by a small number at the end. This number is also listed at the bottom of the page or the end of the paper. Beside the number are the details of your source such as the authors name, the title of the source, date of publication, et c. See this example: According to Author X, Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.1 Notice how the number follows the quote.Now, these are just the basics of properly citing quotes. Different citation styles have different guidelines, and some can be complex. But as you gain more experience in writing, youll become more familiar with citing quotations. It also helps to ask advice from experts in writing, since they can guide you on how to effectively cite quotes in your paper.Writing services for young professionalsWe only hope as you end this article on how to cite quotes that it will become clearer for you. But if its doesnt, dont fret because we extend our help beyond this instructional post. Here at , we help students and young professionals with their writing tasks in hopes that it will give them a respectable grade in their courses. Our talented writers take pride in the output they produce, and they dont settle for mediocre. Let us know what you need and our writers will surely whip up something in a matter of hours. We work at your preferred timeline and instructions, so everything we produce is according to you. Allow us to work on your paper together.

Impact of Gender Board Diversity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2842 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Tags: Gender Essay Did you like this example? Impact of Gender Board Diversity on Firm Performance, Firm Value and Corporate Governance Table of Contents Section 1: Introduction Section 2: The Literature Review Section 3: The Research Methodology and the Data Section 4:The Expected Findings and Implications .9 Giving women the opportunity to achieve their potential must be at the heart of our approach to economic growth Rt Hon Theresa May MP Abstract The proposed research will investigate the relationship between the Firm Performance, Value and Corporate Governance and Gender Board Diversity in a sample of 30 FTSE 100 companies for the period post Lord Davies Report (2011-2014). The main research question is: What is the Impact of the Gender Diversity on Firm Performance? We will also explore the following whether there is an Impact of Gender Diversity in the boardroom on the Firm Value and the Corporate Governance. We will use multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the data. The sample for the proposed study consist of 30 companies FTSE 100 companies, which represent energy, pharmaceutical, banking, insurance and retail sectors. The stratified random sampling method was used to choose the sample. Taking into consideration previous empirical studies, we will find that there is a link between Gender Diversity in the board and Corporate performance, however results maybe inconclusive due the limitations of the study. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact of Gender Board Diversity" essay for you Create order Section 1: Introduction The proposed research will be undertaken as a part of MSc in Corporate Governance programme in London South Bank University. Corporate Governance is a set of rules, guidance and regulations, which companies should follow in order to be controlled and governed effectively and efficiently. That is why topics of governance and board of directors in larger listed companies attract wide-spread attention of media, public, government, shareholders and institutional investors. The board composition has been under a great scrutiny due to the various corporate failures and the last financial crisis. In order to improve the board decision making, effectiveness and problem-solving processes, researchers are looking into the issue of the Board Gender Diversity. The perception of women is changing and women are trying to advance in their careers by competing with male for the jobs in the board of directors. However there should be valid external and internal justifications for Gender Diversit y in the Boardroom and its impact on the Firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Performance. Carter et al (2003) identify a positive link between Gender Diversity and Firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s value, which is calculated by Tobin Q and highlights that Diversity increases the efficiency of the audit. Catalyst study (2004-2008) used ROE Return on Equity) and return on invested capital (ROIC) of 353 US companies to measure firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s value and they found that companies with higher female representation in the board of directors perform better financially than companies with lower female representation. Francoeur ( 2007) on the basis of Catalyst study findings indicates that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢firms operating in complex environments that have a high proportion of women officers do experiment positive and significant monthly abnormal returns of 0.17%, which can intuitively be extrapolated to a 6% return over 3 years.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Campbell and Minguez-Vera (2008) has looked into the impact of gender diversity on both: external and internal measures. Adams and Ferreira (2009) establish that women on boards help to monitoring managers more effectively however he points out also a negative relationship between the proportion of women on the board and Tobinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Q. The purpose of the intended research is underpinned by the personal interest of the researcher in the Gender Board Diversity and its impact on Firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Performance, Firm Value and Corporate Governance. The intended research offers to provide insight into the relationship between Firm Performance, Firm Value and Corporate Governance and the Gender Board Diversity in 30 FTSE 100 companies. The proposed study will contribute to knowledge base for this topic as it will cover the period after Lord Davies Report was published (2011-2014). Empirical works indicate that the topic was researched in various developed countries mainly on the subject of Corp orate Performance and Gender Board Diversity however further research is needed as previous evidence for FTSE 100 companies were not conclusive and ambiguous. In addition to this, association Board Gender Diversity and Corporate Governance has not been investigated thoroughly. We propose the following Main research question: What is the impact of Gender Board Diversity on Firm Performance? Sub-questions What is the Impact of Gender Diversity on Firm Value? What is the Impact of Gender Diversity Corporate Governance? Is Norwegian Firms Performance improved after introduction of mandatory quotas on the female board representation? Having reviewed the theoretical and empirical evidence and in line with the main research question and sub-questions we would like to test following Hypotheses: H1 There is a positive relationship between Gender Diversity in the boardroom and Firm Performance. H2 There is a positive relationship between Gender Board Diversity and Firm Value Corporate governance support diversity by creating association between diversity and directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ responsibilities to discharge their main duties. Firstly, we think about the duty of care, skill and diligence (s. 174 of Companies Act 2006). Secondly directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ duty to take into account the interests of relevant stakeholders, while promoting the success of the company as a whole (s. 172 of Companies Act 2006). That is why we would like to investigate the relationship between them: H3 There is a positive relationship between Gender Board Diversity and Corporate Governance. The proposed study will consist of 5 Chapters: Chapter one: Introduction will give an overview of the diversity and its importance for the board composition and it will provide female and male representation in FTSE 100 companies. It will discuss the Internal and External Monitoring measures, which impact Firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Performance in order to give the reader a better view and understanding of the topic. It will analyse Board Diversify Policies and see their justifications and reasons to have a gender diverse board. Companies need to explain their policy on boardroom diversity in accordance to the UK Corporate Governance Code; this requirement came into force on 1st October 2012. Chapter two: Theoretical Framework and Literature Review This Chapter of the proposed study will focus on theories and previous empirical studies. Chapter three: Research Design, Methodology and Data The most important Chapter in the proposed study will discuss the type of research, methodology, statistical methods, and w ill give the description and definition of key independent and dependant variables, null and the alternative Hypotheses. Chapter four: Presentation and Interpretation of Results will provide an overview and draw conclusions from the data analysis. It will also involve discussion on findings. Chapter five: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations will discuss possible benefits and disadvantages of having mandatory quotas on gender diversity and compare policies around the world. It will provide barriers of getting women into boardroom and it will touch on the issue of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"glass ceilingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. We will try to identify ways to shatter the glass ceiling into tiny pieces and attract more women into the boardroom. Possible ways could be widening the search and selection for Corporate Senior Management Team by including candidates from voluntary and public sector and trying to engage investors in board diversity. The Equality and Human Rights Commission will undertake a study to analyse the board-level recruitment practices in the FTSE 350 this year. Section 2: The Literature Review Literature review was submitted already. Literature review intended to establish theoretical framework for the research proposal. It looked into current knowledge and ideas, which are already established on a topic. Literature review is a secondary source; however it is an essential part of the research process and will help out with the proposed research. Section 3: The Research Methodology and the Data The research methodology consists of two approaches: qualitative approach and quantitative one. First method is concerned on obtaining information by interviewing the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"human subjectsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ on the topic of the research. The interviewing is done via face-to-face communication or a request to fill the questionnaires and/or surveys. This type of research method is relies heavily on words whereas quantitative use numbers. Quantitative research method seeks to establish statistical relationship between variables and generalize results to the targeted audience from which the sample was chosen. The vast majority of studies on Board Diversity have used quantitative data analysis (Carter at el, 2003, Franceur at el, 2007) that is why we decided that this will be more appropriate method for the proposed research. In addition to this, we know the quantitative approach will be useful due the fact that it is difficult to engage FTSE 100 directors in interviews. Top Exec utivesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ diaries are very busy. The proposed study will analyse the relationship between Gender Board Diversity and Firm Performance, Firm Value and Corporate Governance Score for a sample of 30 UK FTSE 100 companies observed during the period 2011-2014. That is why it will be a descriptive research as it will investigate association of 3 variables. The years 2011 to 2014 were selected because the proposed study seeks to explore changes in Firm Performance, Firm Value and Governance after the target of 25% women on boards was set by Lord Davies report in 2011. The data will be obtained from FAME (Financial Analysis Made Easy) for a sample of 30 companies, which provides financial information including ratios on major public and private U.K. and Irish companies. We also will use 2011-2014 annual reports of the companies. That is why data for the proposed study will include archival data. We decided to use annual reports as additional source because these reports ar e publicly available and data is subject to compliance with Londonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Stock Exchange listing regulations and Companies Act 2006. Additional source of data will be FTSE4Good ESG Ratings service, which will provide information about Corporate Governance Rating for large and mid cap stock. We will rate companies on 5 different areas: remuneration of executive and non-executive, EDs and NEDs stock ownership, shareholders rights, independence of the audit process. All three sources of data are secondary. There are many methods of sampling to choose from when someone is doing research. We decided to use a stratified random method because it helps us to obtain a sample of companies with varied gender representation. The main reason of using stratified sampling is we select gender as a stratum and choose from companies from energy, pharmaceutical, banking, insurance and retail sectors. The proposed research will be a cross-sectional study as it will compare the same 30 FT SE companies at a same point in time. We think that the cross sectional analysis is the most appropriate for the proposed research as it gives an opportunity to the researcher to compare different variables at the same time. We will use multiple linear regression analysis method to interpret collected data. Multiple regression is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢technique when or more independent or explanatory variable is used to predict the value of the dependent variable (Burns, R.B. Burns, R.A., 2008). The analysis estimates parameters for the following regression equation: y1i = ÃŽÂ ²0 + ÃŽÂ ²1 x1i + ÃŽÂ ²2 x2i + à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ + ÃŽÂ ²p xpi + ÃŽÂ µi ÃŽÂ ²0 = the constant term ÃŽÂ ²1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ ÃŽÂ ²p = the coefficients for the p explanatory variables ÃŽÂ µi = the residual We will use Ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression, which is used for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢linear modelling technique that may be used to model a single response variable which has been recorded on at least an interval scale. The technique may be applied to single or multiple explanatory variables and also categorical explanatory variables that have been appropriately coded. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Hutcheson, 2011) Taking into consideration the research question, we can make some assumptions about the topic of study. The alternative hypotheses and the corresponding null hypotheses are: Hypothesis1 H(A1) There is a relationship between Gender Board Diversity in the boardroom and Firm Performance. H01 There is no relationship between Gender Board Diversity and Firm Performance. Hypothesis2 H(a2) There is a relationship between Gender Board Diversity and Firm Value. H02 There is no relationship between Gender Diversity and Firm Value. Hypothesis 3 (Ha3) There is a relationship between Gender Diversity and Corporate Governance Score. H03 There is no relationship between Gender Board Diversity and Corporate Governance Score. To test H1 H2 we will use three sets of variables: independent, dependent and control variables. We will only change the dependant variable for performance we will use Return on Assets ratio (ROA) and for Firm value we will use Tobin Q ratio. The empirical model to test H2 will be as follows: Q Dependant variable representing Tobin Q as a measure of firm value, firm i at time t Woman Firm Size Lever ROA 2 independent variables 1) dummy variable, which equals to 1 for the boards of directors, with one female on board and 0 for the boards with no female board representation ( DWOMAN) 2) percentage of women directors on the board ( PWOMAN) 3 remaining are control variables Firm Size on the basis of Total Assets, firm i at time t Leverage , firm i at time t Return on assets i at time t H3 Hypothesis model CGR Dependant variable representing Corporate Governance Rating as a measure of governance compliance firm i at time t Having prepared the above models we have taken into consideration multicollinearity. Multicollinearity occurs when two or more independent variables are inter-correlated and as result correlated variables contribute redundant information. We believe that predictor variables will be mean centred however a small sample can involve a degree of multicollinearity. We also need to be aware that heteroscedasticityoften arises in the analysis of cross-sectional data and it relates to the error terms The proposed study will use both financial and non-financial data on a sample of 30 listed companies, thus n= 30. The level of significance ÃŽÂ ± = 0, 05. We anticipate that we will do statistical analysis on Microsoft Excel first and then on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). SPSS is one of the most popular and powerful stat istical software packages that cover a broad range of statistical procedures, which allows a researcher to summarise data. The researcher was using publically available data and the references used material will be provided in the Bibliography. There are no issues relating to ethical concerns. Nevertheless, the researcher will abide by the LSBU Code on ethics. Section 4: The Expected Findings and Their Implications Similarly to the previous research findings we believe that there will not be conclusive evidence that Gender Diversity impacts the Firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Performance. However having a diverse board à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" whether ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s women, different ethnic origins and different experience à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" is important because companies get a better spread of experience and sensitivity to different knowledge and understanding of how business works through diversity. In addition to this, having some women representation on a board can be helpful b ecause of the different type of sensitivity women bring. UK approach to quotas currently is voluntary, but there is a possibility of a mandatory approach if voluntary measures dont work. However a voluntary, business-led approach is showing results at the moment. When the Lord Daviesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ report was published, situation with the female representation was 12.5% in 2011; now 20.7% in 2014. At the time this target should not be used just to put a woman on the board to tick the box for compliance with the report. Implications of the proposed research for identified stakeholders such as companies themselves, women and men, government and society in general will be as follows: companies gender diverse workforce in the boardroom has an economic potential. It will help companies influence and attract their target market. We know that women make up around 70% consumers. So by ensuring staff are representative of this market they will be able to understand the products or ser vices they need. The study will imply that women should have an equal have equal opportunity getting into the top jobs and that competition between men and women should not be centred on their gender but their capabilities to do the job. Government will have further reasons to implement their target for female board representation. The target of 25% for women on the boards of FTSE 100 companies was set at to be achieved by 2015 when Lord Davies published his report in 2011 ( Davies, 2011). The steady progress has been made now 36 FTSE 100 boards have exceeded this. It may also encourage current government to promote women into the ministerial posts. This study will give provide further evidence that the change in the perception of women in society is needed and Gender Equality will benefit everyone. The proposed study will take one year to complete and it should be finished by December, 2014. The researcher anticipates that the literature review will take up the most of the time. Majority of the relevant material have been already identified and reviewed. The researcher used and will use specific management databases such as, Emerald Insight, Science Direct, IDS, which are searched using keywords such as gender diversity, board of directors, performance measurement, board diversity as well as internal and external performance measures. The search has produced a list of articles abstracts, which will follow by full text reviews. Articles were analysed using the pro-forma table given by the tutor and supplemented with main books in the areas of the research. The references will be done using Harvard Referencing System. The next steps will be to compile the data and analyse it by using the proposed methods of analysis. The last and the most important part of the proposed study will be to evaluate the findings and Page | 1